水下小目标合成孔径声呐层析成像技术研究

水下小目标精细成像对于正确识别水下目标具有重要意义。目前，多波束成像声呐和条带合成孔径声呐是获取水下小目标图像的主要手段。水下目标的判别主要利用了目标图像的亮点特征，即使是同一目标从不同方位观测时得到的结果也可能差异较大，这给快速识别确认目标带来了困难。为解决该问题，提出了利用圆周合成孔径声呐对水下小目标进行水声层析成像信号处理方法，提高了声呐的多角度融合观测能力。仿真及试验数据处理结果表明，合成孔径声呐层析成像方法能够获得目标外形轮廓精细特征，有利于水下小目标的正确识别。

Research on synthetic aperture sonar tomographic imaging for small underwater targets

Fine imaging of target is significant for the identification of underwater targets. At present, the multi-beam imaging sonar and strip synthetic aperture sonar are the main methods to obtain images of small underwater targets. The target images are mainly characterized by highlight spots, and the results of observing the target from different directions are different, which brings difficulties to the identification and confirmation of targets. In order to solve this problem, a signal processing method using circular synthetic aperture sonar for underwater acoustic tomography of small underwater targets is proposed for improving the multi-angle fusion observation ability of sonar. The simulation and experimental data processing results show that the tomographic synthetic aperture sonar (SAR) imaging method can obtain the fine contour features of the target, which is conducive to the accurate identification of underwater small targets.