镍钛合金在医疗器械领域应用和表面改性研究进展

镍钛合金基于特有的超弹性、形状记忆效应,广泛应用于医疗器械领域。其中超弹性表现为大变形下的弹性应变,应用于血管和腔道介入器械、口腔正畸丝、根管器械等;形状记忆效应可实现低温下易变形、体温下自回复,应用于热激活正畸丝、骨科、矫形外科、缝线等。此外,可通过多样化的表面改性技术,提升镍钛合金的生物相容性、腐蚀抗性、摩擦磨损性能,优化产品性能,拓展其在医疗器械制品中的应用范围。

Research of Application and Surface Modification of NiTi Alloy in Medical Instruments

Based on the superelasticity and shape memory effect, NiTi alloy is widely used as medical instruments and biomaterials. The superelasticity is manifested as elastic strain under large deformation. This feature is apply to vascular and cavity interventional instruments, orthodontic wires, root canal instruments, etc. Another feature of NiTi alloy is shape memory effect. So it is easy to deform at low temperature and can recover to initial shape at body temperature. Some medical instruments, such as thermally activated orthodontic wires, department of orthopedics, orthopedic surgery, sutures, etc. have taken advantage of this feature. On the other hand, it can improve the biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, friction and wear properties of NiTi alloy by various surface modification technologies. Benefit from the optimization of product performance, the application of NiTi alloy is expanded in the field of medical instruments.