相变储能材料的研究进展与应用

相变储能技术对于能源的开发和合理利用具有重要意义，在太阳能利用、工业余热回收等方面有着显著的优点。综述了相变材料的研究进展，讨论了固—液相变、固—固相变储能材料的特性及其应用。固—液相变材料一般可分为无机和有机两种类型，其中无机类储能材料主要为无机盐水合物，它具有较大的溶解热和导热系数，但易出现“过冷”和“相分离”现象；有机类储能材料虽然避免了上述缺陷，但其导热性较差、溶解热较低。固—固相变材料种类较少，其中以多元醇应用最为广泛。探讨了这方面研究的发展方向，展望了储能技术市场化应用的前景。

Research and Application of Phase Change Material(PCM) Used as Energy Storing Material

Phase change materials (PCM)for energy storage offer a useful technology for development and appropriate utilization of energy,and have obvious advantages in solar energy use,waste heat recovery and so on. The progress in studies of PCM for energy storage is reviewed. The characteristics and applications of PCMs are introduced. Solid-liquid PCMs fall into two type:inorganic PCMs and organic PCMs. Inorganic salt hyarates which are main form of inorganic PCMs have high solution heat and coefficient of heat conductivity, but tend to suffer from over-cooling and phase separation. Organic PCMs reversed in solid-liquid PCMs. Polyatomic alcohol is widely used in solid-solid PCMs which have only a limited diversity. Some existing problems in the application of PCMs are pointed out,and their development prospects are also anticipated.