土壤中石油污染物微生物降解及其降解去向

通过多因素对比预实验，将筛选出的7个石油烃降解的主要影响因素以正交表方法组合起来，对其进行了实验研究。探讨了石油迁移转化对于各种土壤物理化学条件及其他环境因素改变的敏感程度，并找出了各主要影响因素的重要性和最佳水平；测定了土壤中所存在的石油污染物在生物降解作用下的后期产物，研究了不同条件下的样品残留污染物组分之间的差异。影响土壤中石油烃类降解的主要因素有土壤石油污染强度、营养物(NH4NO3、K2HPO4)、氧化剂(3%H2O2溶液)、表面活性剂(TW80)、温度、土壤含水率和土壤透气性；在降解的不同阶段，各个因素的重要性以及最佳水平会发生相应的变化；在生物降解后期，土壤中残留的石油污染物主要是正构和异构烷烃；正构烷烃的色谱图由原来的对称钟形变为左陡右缓的偏钟形；异构烷烃所占比重增大，正十五烷和正二十一烷之间的谱图基线被明显抬高。

A Research on the Bioremediation and the Fate of Oil Pollutant in Soil

Bioremediation is now a promising way to treat oil polluted soil. In this paper, the author arranged the 7 main factors influencing the bioremediation found in former experiments on 16 samples with the help of orthogonal table and performed a series of experiments. The relative weights and optimal levels of these factors are found; the fates of different components in oil during the late phase of the bioremediation are studied; the structure differences among the residues are analyzed. The 7 factors influencing the bioremediation of oil polluted soil are: pollution intensity, nutrients (NH 4NO 3,K 2HPO 4), oxidant (3%H 2O 2 Solution), surfactant (TW80), temperature, water ratio and soil disturbance. The weights and optimal levels of factors can change during different phases of the bioremediation. In the late phase of the bioremediation, the main residues of oil pollutant are n alkanes and isomeric alkanes. The spectrogram of n alkanes changs from a symmetrical bell shape to an unsymmetrical bell shape. The proportion of isomeric alkanes increases and the base line from C15 to C21 is driven up.