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Biodegradable polymers and their layered silicate nanocomposites: In greening the 21st century materials world
Authors:Suprakas Sinha Ray  Mosto Bousmina  
Affiliation:

Canada Research Chair on Polymer Physics and Nanomaterials, Chemical Engineering Department, Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, Que., Canada G1K 7P4

Abstract:This review aims at highlighting on recent developments in preparation, characterization, properties, crystallization behaviors, melt rheology, processing, and future applications possibilities of biodegradable polymers and their layered silicate nanocomposites. These materials are attracting considerable interest in materials science research. Montmorillonite and hectorite are among the most commonly used smectite-type layered silicates for the preparation of nanocomposites. In their pristine form they are hydrophilic in nature, and this property makes them very difficult to disperse into biodegradable polymer matrices. The most common strategy to overcome this difficulty is to replace the interlayer clay cations with quarternized ammonium or phosphonium cations, preferably with long alkyl chains.

A wide range of biodegradable polymer matrices is described in this review with a special emphasis on polylactide because of more eco-friendliness from its origin as contrast to the fully petroleum-based biodegradable polymers and control of carbon dioxide balance after their composting.

Preparative techniques include (i) intercalation of polymers or prepolymers from solution, (ii) in situ intercalative polymerization method, and (iii) melt intercalation method.

This new family of composite materials frequently exhibits remarkable improvements of mechanical and material properties when compared with virgin polymers or conventional micro- and macro-composites. Improvements can include a high storage modulus both in solid and molten states, increased tensile and flexural properties, a decrease in gas permeability and flammability, increased heat distortion temperature and thermal stability, increase in the biodegradation rate, and so forth.

Keywords:AIBN  N  N′-azobis(isobutyronitrile)  ASP  aliphatic synthetic polyester  ATRP  atom transfer radical polymerization  BAP  biodegradable aliphatic polyester  C  cloisite®  CL  caprolactone  CA  cellulose acetate  CAB  cellulose acetate butyrate  CAP  cellulose acetate propionate  CEC  cation exchange capacity  C18MMT  octadecyl ammonium modified montmorillonite  CTEM  conventional transmission electron microscope  DD  deacetylation degree  DGEBF  diglycidyl ether of bisphenol F  DMA  N  N′-dimethylacetamide  DMA  dynamic mechanical analysis  ELO  epoxidized linseed oil  ESO  epoxidized soybean oil  FH  fluorohectorite  FVO  functionalized vegetable oil  HDT  heat distortion temperature  HRTEM  high resolution transmission electron microscope  MMT  montmorillonite  OEL  octyl epoxide linseedate  OMLS  organically modified layered silicate  OMSFM  organically modified synthetic fluorine mica  o-PCL  oligo poly(caprolactone)  PBS  poly(butylene succinate)  PHA  poly(hydroxy alkanoates)  PHB  poly(3-hydroxy butyrate)  PHBV  poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalurate)  PCL  poly(caprolactone)  PDI  polydispersity index  PEO  poly(ethylene oxide)  PLA  polylactide  PLS  polymer layered silicate  POM  polar optical microscopy  PS  polystyrene  PVA  poly(vinyl alcohol)  PVC  polyvinyl chloride  XRD  X-ray diffraction  TEM  transmission electron microscopy  THF  tetrahydrofuran  SAP  saponite  SEM  scanning electron microscopy  SAXS  small angle X-ray scattering  _method=retrieve&  _eid=1-s2  0-S0079642505000320&  _mathId=si14  gif&  _pii=S0079642505000320&  _issn=00796425&  _acct=C000054348&  _version=1&  _userid=3837164&  md5=5b2568456c7f31ec7f095054455f9509')" style="cursor:pointer  View the MathML source" alt="Click to view the MathML source" title="Click to view the MathML source">View the MathML sourceels-cdn  com/content/image/1-s2  0-S0079642505000320-si14  " target="_blank">gif">  initial degradation temperature  TEC  triethyl acetate  TEMPO  2  2  6  6-tetramethylpiperidine  TGA  thermogravimetric analysis  TPS  thermoplastic starch  XRD  X-ray diffraction
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