真空炉温度均匀性测量的数值模拟研究

热电偶是检测真空炉温度均匀性的常用计量器具，热电偶的几何特性及发射率对炉温均匀性检测的影响目前少有研究。本文利用数值模拟方法研究了热电偶发射率和直径对真空炉温度均匀性检测的影响，结果表明直径和发射率对常用规格热电偶稳态温度影响量级相当。开展零维模型分析，结果表明热电偶温度对直径和发射率相对变化率的敏感性相等，验证了数值模拟结论的准确性，为真空炉温度计量提供了理论指导与技术借鉴。

Numerical Simulation of Measurement of Temperature Uniformity in Vacuum Furnace

Thermocouples have been widely applied in the measurement of temperature uniformity of vacuum furnaces. The effects of geometry and emissivity of thermocouple on the temperature uniformity measurement have not been sufficiently investigated. These effects have been investigated by numerical simulation method in this paper. The results show that the influence of diameter of thermocouple on the steady-state temperature of commonly used thermocouples is close to the influence of emissivity. The 0D model analysis shows that the sensitivity of thermocouple temperature to the relative change rate of diameter is equal to the sensitivity to the relative change rate of emissivity, which verifies the accuracy of the numerical simulation conclusions. This article provides a theoretical guidance and technical reference for temperature measurement of vacuum furnace.