纳米Fe2O3对温压炸药中铝粉爆炸特性的影响

为提高温压炸药配方的威力，根据铝热反应的基本原理，在温压炸药固相组分中添加纳米Fe₂O₃，探究通过诱导铝热反应的方式来提高炸药威力的新途径。利用20 L柱形爆炸容器在10 kJ点火能量下研究了不同质量比的微米或纳米铝粉与纳米Fe₂O₃组成的混合体系的爆炸特性。研究发现，随着纳米Fe₂O₃含量的增大，Al/Fe₂O₃混合体系的最大爆炸压力和升压速率呈现先增大、后减小的趋势。当纳米Fe₂O₃质量分数为5.4%时，混合体系的最大爆炸压力最大。随后，在此配比下开展了混合体系粉尘浓度对爆炸特性的影响规律研究。结果表明,随着粉尘浓度的增加，最大爆炸压力先增加、后降低，在质量浓度为400 g/m³时达到峰值。结合理论分析认为，纳米Fe₂O₃的加入能够改善温压炸药固相体系的反应活性，且对铝粉的爆炸剧烈程度有促进和抑制的双面作用。

Effect of Nano Fe2O3 on Explosion Characteristics of Aluminum Powder in Thermobaric Explosives

In order to improve the power of thermobaric explosives, according to the basic principle of thermite reaction, nano Fe₂O₃ was added to the solid components of thermobaric explosives, and a new way to improve the power of explosive by inducing the thermite reaction was explored. Explosion characteristics of the mixed system composed of micron or nano aluminum powder and nano Fe₂O₃ with different mass ratios were studied using a 20 L cylindrical explosion vessel at 10 kJ ignition energy. It is found that with the increase of the content of nano Fe₂O₃, the maximum explosion pressure and pressure rise rate of Al/Fe₂O₃ mixed system first increase and then decrease. When the mass fraction of nano Fe₂O₃ is 5.4%, the maximum explosive pressure of the mixed system is the highest. Then, the influence of dust concentration of the mixed system on explosion characteristics was studied at this ratio. Results show that with the increase of the dust concentration, the maximum explosion pressure of the system shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, reaching a peak when the mass concentration is 400 g/m³. Combined with theoretical analysis, it is believed that the addition of nano Fe₂O₃ can improve the reaction activity of the solid phase system of thermobaric explosives, and it has the double-sided effect of promoting and inhibiting the explosion severity of aluminum powder.