不同结构修饰对蛭石插层效果的影响

采用盐酸、氯化钠、盐酸／氯化钠复合修饰方法分别对未膨胀蛭石和膨胀蛭石进行结构修饰，并通过十六烷基三甲基溴化铵有机插层处理制备了有机化蛭石。利用X射线衍射（XRD）和Fourier变换红外光谱（FTIR）研究了未膨胀蛭石和膨胀蛭石的层间结构，讨论了不同结构修饰对两种蛭石有机插层的影响。结果表明，膨胀处理对蛭石的层间距影响较小，但破坏蛭石晶层中的羟基。由于未膨胀蛭石和膨胀蛭石层间晶层结构的差异，两种蛭石应分别采用不同的结构修饰方法。未膨胀蛭石采用盐酸／氯化钠复合修饰后有机改性效果较好，其层间距可从1．48nm增大到4．29nm；而膨胀蛭石宜采用氯化钠修饰后有机改性，其层间距可从1．48nm增大到4．70nm。相比于未膨胀蛭石，膨胀蛭石有机化处理后具有更大的层间距。

Effect of Different Structure Modification on Intercalation of Vermiculite

The interlayer structure of pristine vermiculite and expanded-vermiculite was modified respectively by hydrochloric acid, NaCl and hydrochloric acid/NaCl, and then organic-vermiculite was prepared by intercalation treatment with hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide （CTAB）. The interlayer structures of pristine- and expandedvermiculite were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and Fourier infrared spectra （FTIR）, and the influence of different structure modification on organic intercalation of two kinds Of vermiculite was discussed. The results indicated that expanding treatment showed no effect on the interlayer spacing of pristine vermiculite, but destroyed the hydroxyl groups between the crystallization interlayers of pristine vermiculite. Owing to the different interlayer structure of pristine vermiculite and expanded-vermiculite, different structure modification methods should be utilized for these two kinds of vermiculite. For pristine vermiculite, its interlayer spacing increased from 1.48nm to 4.29nm after modified by hydrochloric acid/NaC1 and then treated by CTAB. For expanded-vermiculite, its interlayer spacing increased from 1.48nm to 4.70nm after modified by NaCl and then treated by CTAB.