微织构车刀制备与SUS304钢高速微车削试验

针对高速微切削过程中微型车刀表面摩擦磨损严重的问题,利用表面非光滑微织构减摩减阻原理,在高速微切削用车刀表面利用激光加工技术制备了微槽、微坑织构,研究了激光加工参数与微织构形貌之间的关系;分析了微织构的摩擦学特性;利用自行研制的高速微车削单元进行微织构刀具及无织构刀具的高速微切削SUS304不锈钢的对比试验,从切削力、切削温度、刀屑接触状态、切屑形态以及已加工表面粗糙度对微织构车刀性能进行评价。结果表明:微槽、微坑织构均可以有效降低刀具表面摩擦因数;在高速微切削过程中可以减小切削力、切削温度,降低刀屑接触长度,改善切屑形态,尤其是微坑织构可明显改善表面质量,可以应用到SUS304不锈钢的高速微加工。

Preparation of Micro-textured Turning Tools and High Speed Micro Turning Test of SUS304 Steel

In terms of the serious tool wear during the micro cutting process, micro-pit and micro groove were manufactured by laser on turning tool for high speed micro turning based on the theory of anti-friction and anti-drag of non-smooth micro texture. Relationship between laser processing parameters and morphology of micro-texture were researched and characteristics of friction were also analyzed. Contrast cutting tests of 304 stainless steel with micro-texture and untextured tool were implemented using self-developed high speed micro-cutting unit. Micro-texture performance was evaluated from the cutting force, cutting temperature and tool-chip contact status, chip morphology and machined surface roughness. Experimental results show that micro groove and micro pit can effectively decrease the surface friction coefficient, reduce cutting force, cutting temperature and tool-chip contact length, and improve chip shape. Especially, micro pits structure can obviously improve the surface quality, which can be applied in SUS304 high-speed cutting.