我国堆焊技术的发展及其在基础工业中的应用现状

简要回顾堆焊技术在我国的发展历程，重点综述堆焊技术在我国轧辊，阀门，发动机关键部件等基础工业典型零部件修复强化中的应用现状，指出了堆焊熔覆效率从单弧电弧堆焊的11kg/h发展到多带极电弧堆焊的70kg/h，稀释率从电弧堆焊的30％－60％降低到等离子弧，激光，聚焦光束堆焊的5％左右；我国在堆焊基础理论的一些方向上取得了与国际水平相近的成果，但与国际先进水平相比，仍存在着“焊条多焊丝少，熔炼焊剂多烧结焊剂少，实心焊丝多药芯焊丝少”以及“改装设备多专用设备少，机械化设备多智能化设备少”等差距。并指出堆焊方法与智能控制技术和精密磨削技术相结合的近净形技术是堆焊技术从技艺走向科学的重要标志。

Development of Surfacing Technology and Status of its Application in Basic Industries

In this paper the development course of surfacing technology in P. R. China was introduced briefly. The status of its application for repairing and strengthening the typical parts of basic industries was emphatically reviewed, like rollers, valves and key parts of engines. The surfacing efficiency increased from 11 kg/h for single-wire arc surfacing to 70 kg/h for multiple-band arc surfacing. The dilution of surfacing layer decreased from 30~60% for arc surfacing to 5% for plasma arc, laser and light beam surfacing. The research achievements in some aspects of fundamental theories were approaching to the international level., but there still existed some disparities compared with the advanced level from abroad, such as we use more electrode, less wire: more fused flux, less sintered flux: more solid wire, less flux-cored wire; more reconstructive equipment, less special equipment; and more mechanized equipment, less intellectualized equipment.. It was pointed out that the near net shaping combined surfacing with intellectualized control and precision grinding was the important direction of the transformation of surfacing from technology to science.