Optimal conditions for the wetting balance test |
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| Authors: | KM Martorano MA Martorano SD Brandi |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio;2. National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland;3. Hospital São Paulo, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;4. Department of Cardiology/Invasive Cardiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;5. Clinical Trials and Surveys Corporation, Baltimore, Maryland;6. Department of Cardiology, Regional Hospital, Torun, Poland;7. Division of Cardiology, Columbia University, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida;8. First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland;9. Service de Cardiologie, Centre Hopitalier Louis Pasteur, Chartres, France;10. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel;11. Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York;1. Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, United States;2. The Harker School, San Jose, CA 95130, United States;1. Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland;2. Wroclaw Research Centre EIT+, Wroclaw, Poland;1. Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York;2. Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer''s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York;3. Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, New York;4. Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama;5. Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California;6. Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada;7. Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada;8. Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York;9. Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York;1. Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, Kraków, Poland;2. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Science, Kraków, Poland;3. 5th Military Hospital with Polyclinic in Kraków, Department of Ophthalmology, Kraków, Poland;4. AGH – University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Kraków, Poland |
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| Abstract: | Wetting balance tests of copper sheets submerged in tin solder baths were carried out in a completely automatic wetting balance. Wetting curves were examined for three different values of sheet thickness and four different solder bath temperatures. Most of the wetting curves showed a distorted shape relative to that of a standard curve, preventing calculation of important wetting parameters, such as the wetting rate and the wetting force. The wetting tests showed that the distortion increased for a thicker sheet thickness and a lower solder bath temperature, being the result of solder bath solidification around the submerged sheet substrate. |
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