固态扩散过程中的Kirkendall效应(英文)

在二十世纪四十年代,柯肯达尔(Kirkendall)发现,在二元固溶体中,扩散过程不能简单地用一种扩散系数来描述它,人们必须考虑到两种物质的扩散系数的不同。他的发现改变了以往的扩散理论和数据的处理方式。基于他的这种扩散理论成功解释了Kirkendall平面的行为。但是,多相扩散和扩散过程中组织形貌的演变是很复杂的,需要从物理化学的途径才能解决。从理论和工艺的角度来看,二元或多元体系中的相互作用是关键问题。本文综述了Kirkendall效应的发现以及最近的进展,及其在材料科学中的应用前景。

Role of Kirkendall effect in diffusion processes in solids

In the 1940s, KIRKENDALL showed that diffusion in binary solid solutions cannot be described by only one diffusion coefficient. Rather, one has to consider the diffusivity of both species. His findings changed the treatment of diffusion data and the theory of diffusion itself. A diffusion-based framework was successfully employed to explain the behaviour of the Kirkendall plane. Nonetheless, the complexity of a multiphase diffusion zone and the morphological evolution during interdiffusion requires a physico-chemical approach. The interactions in binary and more complex systems are key issues from both the fundamental and technological points of view. This paper reviews the Kirkendall effect from the circumstances of its discovery to recent developments in its understanding, with broad applicability in materials science and engineering.