高压扭转纳米结构Al-Mg铝合金的微观结构演变和位错组态

利用透射电镜（TEM）和高分辨透射电镜（HRTEM）研究高压扭转大塑性变形纳米结构Al-Mg合金的微观结构演变和位错组态。结果表明：对尺寸小于100 nm的晶粒,晶内无位错,其晶界清晰平直;而尺寸大于200 nm的大晶粒通常由几个亚晶或位错胞结构组成,其局部位错密度高达10^17 m^-2。这些位错是1/2〈110〉型60°位错,且往往以位错偶和位错环的形式出现。在高压扭转Al-Mg合金的超细晶晶粒中,用HRTEM同时观察到分别由0°纯螺型位错和60°混合位错分解产生的Shockley部分位错而形成的微孪晶和层错。这些直接证据证实,通常存在于FCC纳米晶中由晶界发射部分位错而产生孪晶和层错的变形机制,同样可以存在于超细晶FCC金属中。基于实验结果,分析了高压扭转Al-Mg合金中的局部高密度位错、位错胞、非平衡晶界、层错和孪晶等对晶粒细化的作用,提出了相应的晶粒细化机制。

Microstructure evolution and dislocation configurations in nanostructured Al-Mg alloys processed by high pressure torsion

Microstructure evolution and dislocation configurations in nanostructured Al–Mg alloys processed by high pressure torsion （HPT） were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and high-resolution TEM （HRTEM）. The results show that the grains less than 100 nm have sharp grain boundaries （GBs） and are completely free of dislocations. In contrast, a high density of dislocation as high as 1017 m^-2 exists within the grains larger than 200 nm and these larger grains are usually separated into subgrains and dislocation cells. The dislocations are 60° full dislocations with Burgers vectors of 1/2〈110〉and most of them appear as dipoles and loops. The microtwins and stacking faults （SFs） formed by the Shockley partials from the dissociation of both the 60° mixed dislocation and 0° screw dislocation in ultrafine grains were simultaneously observed by HRTEM in the HPT Al–Mg alloys. These results suggest that partial dislocation emissions, as well as the activation of partial dislocations could also become a deformation mechanism in ultrafine-grained aluminum during severe plastic deformation. The grain refinement mechanism associated with the very high local dislocation density, the dislocation cells and the non-equilibrium GBs, as well as the SFs and microtwins in the HPT Al-Mg alloys were proposed.