热处理对A356铝合金组织结构和力学性能的影响

用两种不同的热处理制度对稀土和锶综合细化变质的A356合金进行处理,一种是长时间标准处理制度T6（535℃固溶4h＋150℃时效15h）,另一种是短时间的热处理制度ST（550℃固溶2h＋170℃时效2h）。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及室温拉伸实验等手段分析热处理制度对A356合金微观组织和拉伸力学性能的影响。结果表明：在550℃下固溶2h可以获得Mg、Si过饱和且分布均匀的α（Al）固溶体,并使共晶硅相球化;再经170℃人工时效2h后,可以达到传统T6处理的时效析出效果。拉伸实验结果表明,A356铝合金经传统T6处理得到了最高的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率;通过ST短时热处理后,其拉伸强度、屈服强度及伸长率分别可以达到T6处理时的90%,95%和80%。

Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and tensile properties of A356 alloys

Two heat treatments of A356 alloys with combined addition of rare earth and strontium were conducted.T6 treatment is a long time treatment（solution at 535 ℃ for 4 h ＋ aging at 150 ℃ for 15 h）.The other treatment is a short time treatment（solution at 550 ℃ for 2 h ＋ aging at 170 ℃ for 2 h）.The effects of heat treatment on microstructure and tensile properties of the Al-7%Si-0.3%Mg alloys were investigated by optical microscopy,scanning electronic microscopy and tension test.It is found that a 2 h solution at 550 ℃ is sufficient to make homogenization and saturation of magnesium and silicon in α（Al） phase,spheroid of eutectic Si phase.Followed by solution,a 2 h artificial aging at 170 ℃ is almost enough to produce hardening precipitates.Those samples treated with T6 achieve the maximum tensile strength and fracture elongation.With short time treatment（ST）,samples can reach 90% of the maximum yield strength,95% of the maximum strength,and 80% of the maximum elongation.