预拉伸铝合金厚板内部残余应力分布测试研究

预拉伸铝合金厚板在航空领域中被广泛应用。在其加工过程中，内部初始残余应力所引起的变形是非常普遍和严重的问题。要减小残余应力对加工变形的影响，就必须测试板材内部残余应力的分布规律。笔者根据预拉伸铝合金厚板的特点，运用弹性力学理论推导出厚板内部残余应力测量的改进剥层应变法，用此方法测量了预拉伸铝合金厚板2D70T351沿厚度方向的残余应力分布，并对测试结果进行了分析。结果表明，文章推导出的新方法测量厚板内部残余应力简单、精确，有很强的工程实用性。

A Study on the Residual Stresses Distribution in Thick Pre-stretched Aluminum Plate

Thick pre-stretched aluminum alloy plates are widely used in aircraft. The distortion caused by residual stresses in thick plates during machining is a common and serious problem. To reduce the machining distortion caused by residual stress, the residual stress distribution in thick plates must be measured. According to the characteristics of the thick pre-stretched aluminum alloy plate, the writer has deduced the modified lay- er-removal strain method by the elastic mechanical theory to measure the residual stresses in thick plates. The residual stresses distribution along the thick direction of plate 2D70T351 is measured by the new method, and the results of measurement are analyzed. It is shown that the new method deduced in this paper is simple and accurate, and is very useful in engineering.