SiO2气凝胶及纤维复合SiO2气凝胶隔热材料表征方法

SiO₂气凝胶及纤维复合SiO₂气凝胶材料因轻质、高效、导热系数低等优点在保温隔热领域备受关注,应用前景广阔。其隔热性能、力学性能与微观结构、化学组成密切相关。本文对现阶段常见的微观结构、隔热性能、力学性能的表征方法做了介绍,常见的有密度、疏水角、晶态结构、微观形貌、比表面积及孔径分布、导热系数、化学组成、热稳定性、抗弯抗压等。综述了以上各种表征方法存在的优缺点及表征参数变化说明的问题。各种表征方法得到的表征参数之间存在紧密联系,需要从多角度理解和分析。

Development Situation of Characterization Methods of SiO2 Aerogel and Fiber Composites SiO2 Aerogel Insulation

Because of lightness, high efficiency and lower heat conductivity, SiO₂ aerogel and fiber composites SiO₂ aerogel insulation materials have attracted much attention and have broad application prospect in the fields of heat preservation and heat insulation. The insulation and mechanical properties of the materials are closely related to the micro-structure and composition. In this paper, the common characterization methods for the micro-structure, insulation and mechanical properties of the materials in the present stage was introduced, such as density, hydrophobic angle, crystal structure, micro-structure, specific surface and pore size distribution, heat conductivity coefficient, chemical composition and thermal stability, anti-pressure and anti-bending properties. Their advantages and disadvantages were analyzed and summarized, and the information indicated by the variation of characterization parameters was analyzed. There is close relationship between the characterization parameters obtained by different characterization methods, so they should be comprehensively analyzed.