基于超疏水表面的主被动复合防/除冰技术研究进展

介绍了光热、电加热、磁能、声波能与超疏水表面相结合的主被动复合防/除冰技术及其机理与应用，阐述了以上复合型防/除冰技术的优势与不足。其中，光热复合技术具有耗能低、材料选择多样化等优点；电加热复合技术工艺简单，易于规模化制造；磁能复合技术可满足复杂场景的防/除冰应用需求；声波复合技术则具有结构简单的优势。此外，同时复合多种能场可进一步提升防/除冰工作效率，是主被动复合技术的发展趋势之一。最后，阐述了基于超疏水表面的主被动复合防/除冰技术的不足之处，并展望了复合防/除冰技术的应用研究前景。

Research Progress of Active/Passive Composite Anti/De-icing Technologies Based on Superhydrophobic Surfaces

The work aims to introduce composite anti-/deicing methods that combine superhydrophobic surfaces with active anti-icing methods of photothermal treatment, heating, magnetic energy, and acoustic energy, along with their mechanisms and applications. The advantages and shortcomings of the composite anti-/deicing technologies were summarized. Among them, the photothermal composite technology showed low energy consumption and diverse choice on materials. The electric heating composite technology possessed a simple process and was beneficial to preparation in a large area. The magnetic energy composite technology satisfied the needs of anti-/deicing in complex scenes. The acoustic wave composite technology had a simple structure. In addition, the simultaneous combination of multiple energy fields could further enhance the efficiency of anti/deicing performance, so it was one of the trends for developing active-passive composite technologies. Finally, the shortcomings of the current active-passive composite technologies were elaborated based on superhydrophobic surfaces, and the application of those composite anti-/deicing technologies was prospected.