Zn-Ni合金镀层中添加第三种元素和纳米颗粒的研究新进展

介绍了在汽车、航空航天等行业中得到广泛应用的钢铁零件电镀Zn-Ni合金镀层，以及往碱性、氯化物等锌镍合金镀液中加入Fe、Co、Mn、Ce、P等第三种元素所获得的锌镍三元合金镀层，具有更优良的耐腐蚀性、催化性等性能的情况。介绍了往Zn-Ni合金镀液里加入氧化硅、氧化铈、氧化钛、氧化铝、碳化硅等纳米颗粒的进展情况，发现含有纳米颗粒的锌镍复合镀层具有耐腐蚀性、耐磨损性、热稳定性更好，硬度更高等优点。梳理了2016年以来在Zn-Ni合金电镀中添加第三种元素和纳米颗粒的多层镀层研究新进展。从Zn-Ni单一镀液中沉积Ni-P和Zn-Ni合金多层镀层时，在低电流密度下沉积出Ni-P层；在较高电流密度下，沉积出含3.2%P的Zn-Ni-P合金镀层，这种多层镀层可以大幅度提高钢铁零件的防腐蚀性能。介绍了在含12%Ni的Zn-Ni镀层上镀覆Ni-Co-SiC纳米复合镀层的情况，这种多层结构既可以提高镀层的结合力，又可提高其在3.5%NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能。该复合镀层是一种硬度高、磨损量低的新型Zn-Ni合金复合镀层。

Research Progress of Adding Third Element and Nano-particle into Zn-Ni Alloy Coating

The work introduces the electroplating Zn-Ni alloy coating of steel parts widely used in the automotive, aerospace and other industries and the better corrosion resistance and catalytic properties of zinc-nickel ternary alloy coating obtained by adding Fe, Co, Mn, Ce, P and other third elements to alkaline, chloride and other zinc-nickel alloy plating solution. The progress of adding nano-particles of silicon oxide, cerium oxide, titanium oxide, aluminum oxide and SiC into the Zn-Ni alloy plating bath is also introduced. The zinc-nickel composite coating containing nano-particles has higher corrosion resistance and wear resistance, high hardness, thermal stability, etc. The new research progress of multilayer coatings added with the third element and nano-particles in Zn-Ni alloy electroplating since 2016 is also introduced. Ni-P and Zn-Ni alloy multi-layer coatings deposited from Zn-Ni single bath can form Ni-P coating at low current density; while at higher current density, a Zn-Ni-P alloy coating with 3.2wt% P element can be deposited, thus greatly improving the corrosion resistance of steel parts. In addition, Ni-Co-SiC nano-composite plated on Zn-Ni containing Ni 12wt% is also introduced. This multi-layer structure can improve the adhesion of the coating and the corrosion resistance in 3.5wt% NaCl, and form a new attractive Zn-Ni alloy composite coating with high hardness and low wear.