铝合金表面微/纳米结构构筑研究进展

铝合金以其优异的性能而被广泛应用于工业生产的各个领域,通过一系列方法可以在铝合金表面构筑多种类型的微纳米结构。这些微纳米结构可以提高铝合金的摩擦学性能、耐蚀性能、界面结合力、抗结冰性以及装饰性能,对将铝合金应用到更广阔和更苛刻的环境中具有重要意义。介绍了铝合金表面微/纳结构的主要构筑方法。化学刻蚀法制备出了凸台和凹坑的迷宫形貌;阳极氧化法构筑出了高度有序的孔洞结构;微弧氧化法制备出了表面布满微孔的氧化膜;水热法可以构筑形状多样的纳米花朵形貌;电解加工对阴极材料的表面结构进行复刻,可以采用不同比例的阴阳极材料进行大面积的制备。阐述了这些微纳米结构的生长过程,并分析了实验条件(如温度、处理时间、电参数、溶液成分及浓度等因素)对铝合金表面微纳米二元结构生长的影响规律,重点总结分析了其研究现状和影响微纳米结构的因素。通过对现有铝合金表面结构制备方法的总结和分析,展望了其今后的发展趋势。

Research Progress in Fabricating Micro/Nano Structures on Aluminum Alloys Surface

Aluminum alloys are widely used in various fields due to their excellent performances, a series of method were used to fabricate various kinds of micro/nano-structures on aluminum alloys surface. The improvement of the tribological properties, corrosion resistance, interfacial adhesion, anti-icing and decoration property was of great significance which made aluminum alloys can be applied in more broader and high demanding environments. This article classifies and summarizes some important methods for fabricating micro/nano structures on aluminum alloys surface. Chemical etching could fabricate the labyrinthic structure with pits and plateaus; anodic oxidation could form a high ordered porous structure; micro-arc oxidation could construct a rough structure with micro pores; hydrothermal method could fabricate various kinds of nano-flower structure; electrochemical machining could copy the structures on cathode, tailoring different area ratio cathode and anode could prepare a large-area film. This work also described the growth process of the micro/nano-structures and analyzed the influences of temperature, time, current density, composition and concentration of electrolyte on the surface morphologies of aluminum alloys. We summarized the influence factor and research status importantly. Based on the existing analysis of the fabrication of micro/nano structures on aluminum alloys, their future research priorities are also prospected.