浸润性可转变的超疏水织物用于油水分离研究

目的制备超亲疏可逆转换实现油水分离的纺织品。方法首先利用化学镀铜的方法在涤棉织物表面构筑微米-亚微米粗糙结构,然后浸入十二酸乙醇溶液中通过低表面能物质的修饰得到超疏水织物。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量色散X射线光谱仪(EDXS)和接触角测试仪对其表面形貌、表面元素和浸润性能进行测试。结果十二酸修饰镀铜涤棉织物具有超疏水性能,与水的接触角达到151.9°;此外,改变超疏水织物所处环境的p H可实现浸润性的可逆转变,从而达到不同密度的油与水的分离,且分离效率高达98%,分离循环次数在80次以上。结论通过化学镀铜构造粗糙表面,再用低表面能物质十二酸修饰,可成功制备超疏水织物。增大织物所处环境的p H值,可得到超亲水织物。超疏水织物和超亲水织物都可用于油水分离。

Application of Superhydrophobic Fabric of Reversible Wettability in Oil-Water Separation

The work aims to prepare a superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic fabric of convertible wettability for oil-water separation. A micron-submicron structure was constructed on the surface of polyester/cotton fabric in the method of chemical copper-plating, then the fabric was immersed in dodecanoic acid ethanol solution to obtain superhydrophobic fabric. Surface morphology, element distribution and wettability of the polyester/cotton fabric were tested with scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDXS) and contact angle tester. The copper-plated polyester/cotton fabric modified with the dodecanoic acid was of super hydrophobic property, and its contact angle with water was 151.9°. In addition, the reversible transition of wettability could be realized by changing pH of the environment where superhydrophobic fabric was, which could make oil-water seperation possible with separation efficiency of 98% and separation cycle index of over 80 times. Superhydrophobic fabric for oil/water separation can be successfully fabricated by constructing rough surface based on electroless copper plating and modifying it with dodecanoic acid, a low surface energy substance. Superhydrophilic fabric can be obtained by increasing pH value of the environment where the fabric is. Both superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic fabrics can be used for oil-water separation.