增材制造金属零件抛光加工技术研究进展

金属增材制造在航空航天、医用植入等领域有良好的应用前景,但成型表面质量差,未经后处理加工无法满足高使役性要求,抛光加工是高性能金属增材制造技术链中的关键环节。概述了增材制造金属零件应用现状和生长过程固有的阶梯效应、球化效应、粉末粘附等特性,以及成型表面高粗糙度等形貌特征。在此基础上,重点综述了增材制造金属零件抛光加工中应用较广的电化学、激光、磨料流三种抛光技术的研究进展,以不同制造工艺、不同金属粉末材质、不同结构形式(多孔结构、高长径比流道等)的增材制造样件为主线,通过表面粗糙度、材料去除、表层残余应力、廓形精度保持性等技术指标,对增材制造金属零件抛光加工研究成果进行了归纳总结。最后展望了增材制造金属零件抛光技术的发展方向。

Advances in the Research of Polishing Technologies for Additive Manufacturing Metal Parts

Metal additive manufacturing (AM) is applied in the fields of aerospace, medical implantation, etc. with booming prospects. However, the as-built surfaces of AM metal parts are not qualified for high performance requirements without post-processing due to the poor quality. At present, polishing is one of the key technologies in high performance AM technical process chains. The current applications of AM metal parts, the inherent characteristics of staircase effect, balling effect and powder adhesion in building process, and the surface morphologies like high roughness of formed surfaces were summarized. On this basis, advances in polishing technologies of AM metal parts, i.e. electrochemical polishing, laser polishing, and abrasive flow machining, were reviewed. Based on the AM samples produced by different manufacturing technologies, different metal powder materials and different structural forms (porous structure, flow channel with high aspect ratio, etc.), the polishing research results of AM metal parts were summarized through technical indexes such as surface roughness, material removal, surface residual stress, profile accuracy retention, etc. Finally, the development direction of polishing technology for AM metal parts was prospected.