金属防护用超疏水表面主要制备方法及应用研究进展

金属及其合金制品的腐蚀给人类带来巨大危害。主要从金属表面超疏水的角度探究金属的防护,在介绍超疏水表面相关理论的基础上,详细综述了国内外金属基体超疏水表面的最新研究进展和应用,讨论了化学腐蚀法、激光毛化技术、喷涂法、电化学技术、水热法、等离子体处理技术、置换沉积法、溶液浸泡法、复合法等超疏水表面制备技术的研究进展,这些技术都在一定程度上实现了金属表面超疏水性能,接触角达到150°以上,滚动角小于10°。除此之外,还介绍了超疏水表面在装饰金属材料、耐腐蚀、自清洁、防结冰、抗菌等方面的应用。最后指出了金属基体超疏水表面制备在工业应用中存在的缺陷,并对今后的发展方向进行了展望。

Research Progress in the Preparation Methods and Applications of the Superhydrophobic Surface for Metal Protection

The corrosion of metals and their alloys has caused great harm to mankind. In this paper, we explored the protection of metals from the point of superhydrophobic metal surface. On the basis of the theory about superhydrophobic surface, the latest research progress and application of superhydrophobic surface on metal substrates were reviewed. Research progresses in preparation methods of superhydrophobic surface such as chemical etching, laser texturing, spraying, electrochemical, hydrothermal, plasma treatment, replacement deposition, solution immersion and composite were discussed in detail. These methods mentioned above have achieved the superhydrophobic properties of the metals to a certain degree with the contact angle of more than 150 degree and sliding angle of less than 10 degree. Furthermore, this paper also introduced the applications of the superhydrophobic surface in decorating metal materials, corrosion resistance, self-cleaning, anti-freezing and anti-bacteria. At the end of the paper, the existing defects of superhydrophobic metal surface preparation in industrial application were pointed out, and the development direction in the future was prospected.