功能化石墨烯及石墨烯基纳米复合材料润滑添加剂的研究进展

在现代工业中,使用润滑材料降低摩擦磨损已成为提高机械元件耐久性和提高机械效率的重要手段.其中,润滑添加剂已被广泛证明能够进一步改善润滑介质的润滑性能,因此研究润滑添加剂的摩擦学表现是必要的.纳米材料作为润滑添加剂,能有效提高基础润滑介质的减摩、抗磨和极压性能,改善机械系统摩擦学性能,对节能减排和环保具有重要意义.石墨烯由于其独特的二维层状结构和优异的热力学、力学等性能,可作为润滑材料,已在摩擦学领域受到了广泛关注.近年来,大量石墨烯及其纳米复合材料作为润滑添加剂被研究和制备.在大量文献的基础上,详细综述了石墨烯及其衍生物、共价键及非共价键有机功能化石墨烯、石墨烯基纳米复合材料以及石墨烯复合其他二维层状纳米材料作为润滑添加剂的研究成果,分析了影响石墨烯分散稳定性与摩擦磨损性能的因素,着重讨论了不同功能化石墨烯及石墨烯基纳米复合材料作为润滑添加剂的减摩抗磨机理.最后,探讨了当前石墨烯及其纳米复合材料作为高性能润滑添加剂仍需要注意的问题和不足,并展望了其未来的研究趋势.

Research Progress of Functionalized Graphene and Graphene-based Nanocomposites Lubricant Additives

In modern industry, using lubricating materials to reduce friction and wear has become an important means to improve the durability of mechanical components and improve mechanical efficiency. Among them, lubricating additives have been widely proved to be able to further improve the lubrication performance of lubricating medium, so it is necessary to study the tribological performance of lubricating additives. As lubricant additives, nanomaterials can effectively reduce the friction, improve wear resistance and extreme pressure properties of the based lubricant medium, and then improve the tribological properties of lubricated mechanical systems, which is of great significance for energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection. With special two-dimensional (2D) structure and superior thermodynamic and mechanical properties, graphene has attracted extensive attention in tribology research as lubricating materials. In recent years, a large number of graphene and its nanocomposites were prepared and studied as lubricant additives. Based on a large number of published literature, this paper summarizes the research results of graphene-related materials as lubricant additives in detail, including graphene and its derivatives, covalently bonded and non-covalently bonded organic functional graphene, graphene-based nanocomposites and the composites consisting of graphene and other 2D nanomaterials. The factors affecting the dispersion stability and friction and wear properties of graphene are analyzed. In addition, emphasis is put on the discussion of friction-reducing and anti-wear mechanisms of different functionalized graphene and graphene-based nanocomposites as lubricant additives. Finally, the problems and shortcomings of graphene and its nanocomposites as high-performance lubricant additives are discussed, and the future research trend of graphene and its nanocomposites is forecasted.