列车车轮踏面滚动接触疲劳研究进展

随着高速与重载铁路的发展,车轮踏面滚动接触疲劳损伤问题变得更加显著,不仅影响乘车舒适度,增加维护成本,还会直接危害行车安全,目前尚无根本的解决办法。对国内外车轮踏面滚动接触疲劳损伤的形成机理、研究方法及影响因素进行了归纳总结。车轮滚动接触疲劳损伤形式有很多,根据疲劳裂纹在踏面下方萌生位置的不同,将踏面滚动接触疲劳损伤分为表面滚动接触疲劳、次表面滚动接触疲劳和较深层次滚动接触疲劳。随着冶金和车轮制造技术的提高,由低周疲劳或棘轮效应造成的表面滚动接触疲劳损伤成为主要的疲劳损伤类型。车轮踏面滚动接触疲劳损伤的研究方法主要包括现场调研、数值仿真和试验研究。结合已有研究成果,主要从车轮材料、车轮既有损伤、线路条件、列车运行参数、轮轨间第三介质等方面对踏面滚动接触疲劳损伤的影响因素进行了总结,并进一步提出了减缓踏面滚动接触疲劳损伤的具体措施。此外,探讨了车轮踏面滚动接触疲劳损伤未来的研究方向。

Research Progress on Rolling Contact Fatigue of Railway Wheel Treads

With the development of high-speed and heavy-haul railway, the rolling contact fatigue (RCF) damage of wheel treads has become a significant problem, which affects the riding comfort, increases the maintenance cost and even threatens the running safety of trains. So far, there is not a radical solution. The formation mechanism, research methods and influencing factors of RCF damage of wheel treads at home and abroad were summarized. There were many forms of RCF damage of railway wheels. According to the different initiation positions on wheel treads, the RCF cracks were classified into the surface-initiated, subsurface-initiated and large depth initiated RCF cracks. With the improvement of metallurgical and wheel manufacturing technology, the surface-initiated RCF cracks caused by low cycle fatigue or ratchet effect became the main type of damage of RCF damage. The research methods mainly included field, experimental and numerical studies. According to previous works, several influencing factors on RCF damage of the wheel treads were discussed, including the wheel material properties, existing surface damage and defects of wheel, rail conditions, locomotive operating parameters and third-body contaminants at the contact interface. Some specific measures were further put forward to reduce RCF damage of wheel treads. Furthermore, specific measures to reduce RCF damage of wheel treads were put forward. In addition, the future study direction of RCF damage of wheel treads was also proposed.