刀具涂层材料的最新研究进展

随着难加工材料和绿色干切削等先进加工技术的开发与广泛应用,刀具切削环境日益严苛,刀具涂层材料不断更新换代。涂层材料已由最初的二元涂层逐渐发展成三元及多元涂层,结构由单层逐渐向多层、梯度、复合结构转变。首先总结了几种常用二元涂层的性能和特点。再以Ti基和Cr基三元及多元涂层为例,阐述了掺杂元素对涂层微观结构和性能的影响及强化机制,分析了多元涂层的研究现状和面临的难题,以及多种掺杂元素的协同作用机制。还讨论了纳米晶/非晶复合结构涂层、纳米多层涂层以及梯度涂层的结构优势及研究现状,介绍了金刚石、类金刚石和立方氮化硼三种超硬涂层以及具有低摩擦因数软涂层的特点和研究进展。最后介绍了近几年研究的热点涂层(如高熵合金涂层、含氧涂层和多元多层复合涂层)的研究现状,并对刀具涂层的未来发展方向进行了展望。

The Latest Research Progress of Tool Coating Materials

With the development and wide application of difficult-to-machine materials and green dry cutting technology, the working environment of cutting tool is becoming more and more severe, and the coating materials are constantly developing and updating. The coating materials have evolved from the original binary coatings to ternary and multi-element coatings, and the structures have developed from single layer to multi-layer, gradient and composite structures. In this paper, the properties and characteristics of several commonly used binary coatings are introduced and summarized. Taking the Ti-based and Cr-based ternary and multicomponent coatings as example, the effects of doping elements on the microstructure and properties of coatings as well as the strengthening mechanism are elaborated. The research status, challenging problem and synergistic mechanism of doped elements are analyzed. The advantages and research status of nano-crystalline/amorphous composite coatings, nano-multilayer coatings and gradient coatings are discussed. The characteristics and research status of super-hard coatings like diamond coating, diamond-like coatings, c-BN coating and soft coatings with low friction coefficient are stated. Finally, the hot research coatings like high entropy alloy coatings, oxygen doped coatings and multicomponent coatings with multilayers are elaborated, and the development directions of tool coating materials are summarized and prospected.