难熔高熵合金在反应堆结构材料领域的机遇与挑战

传统反应堆结构材料性能已趋于极限,亟需开发新型材料。难熔高熵合金是以多种难熔元素作为主元的新型金属材料,具有独特的力学、物理和化学性质,尤其在高温力学、抗辐照等方面表现出优异的性能。难熔高熵合金在第4代核裂变反应堆包壳材料、核聚变堆面向第一壁材料等关键领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文结合具有代表性的文献,围绕难熔高熵合金的力学性能、抗辐照性能、抗氧化性能阐述了其强化机制与抗辐照机理,梳理了难熔高熵合金的发展脉络,在此基础上展望了难熔高熵合金在反应堆结构材料领域的应用前景。

Opportunity and Challenge of Refractory High-Entropy Alloys in the Field of Reactor Structural Materials

Exploitation of traditional reactor structural materials tends to limits;thus,the development of novel materials is urgent.Alloying has long been used to obtain materials with desirable properties.In recent decades,a new alloying technique that combines multiple principal elements in high concentrations to fabricate new materials,termed high-entropy alloys(HEAs),has gained popularity.Refractory HEAs(RHEAs)consist of several principle refractory elements and are an important subset of HEAs.RHEAs have attracted immense attention owing to their unique mechanical,physical,and chemical properties,particularly their excellent high-temperature mechanical properties and radiation resistance.RHEAs are expected to be utilized in cladding materials for fourth-generation fission reactors and plasma-facing materials for fusion reactors.Combined with representative literature,this paper focuses on mechanical,radiation resistance,and oxidation resistance properties of RHEAs.Further,strengthening and radiation resistance mechanisms of RHEAs are explored,and the development evolution and prospects of RHEAs are proposed.