无创神经调控技术对全麻患者术后睡眠功能紊乱影响的研究进展

无创神经调控技术是主要通过电刺激、磁刺激等对神经功能状态进行调控的一种非侵入性、安全、便捷的有效治疗手段。近年来，无创神经调控技术越来越多地被用于脑功能调控的相关研究和治疗，其在脑卒中患者的认知障碍调控、抑郁、焦虑、谵妄、失眠等神经精神疾病的治疗上都有相关研究证实。临床科室如神经内科、康复科、疼痛科等多学科都广泛运用无创神经调控这一技术，但其在围术期的应用较少，尤其是针对全麻患者术后睡眠功能紊乱的研究尚未见报道。术后睡眠功能紊乱是术后一个常见且容易被忽视的并发症，常表现为术后睡眠结构紊乱、睡眠质量下降、睡眠时长明显缩短等，全身麻醉患者术后睡眠功能更容易受影响。术后睡眠功能紊乱涉及术前、术中以及术后等很多影响因素，影响患者整个围术期甚至出院后的长期预后。

Research progress on the effect of noninvasive neuromodulation technique on patients with postoperative sleep disturbances after general anesthesia

Noninvasive neuromodulation technique is a non-invasive, safe and convenient research and treatment method, which is mainly regulated by electrical stimulation and magnetic stimulation. In recent years, it has been more and more used in the research and treatment of brain function. It has been confirmed in the regulation of cognitive impairment, depression, anxiety, delirium and insomnia in patients with stroke. Clinical departments such as neurology, rehabilitation department, pain department and other disciplines have widely used this technique of non-invasive neural regulation, but its application in the perioperative period is less, especially for postoperative sleep disorders in patients with general anesthesia. Postoperative sleep disorder is a common and easily neglected complication, which is often manifested as postoperative sleep structure disorder, sleep quality decline, sleep is obviously shortened, and the sleep function of patients with general anesthesia is more likely to be affected. Postoperative sleep disorder includes many influencing factors before, during and after operation, affecting the whole perioperative period and even a few years after discharge.