复合传感技术在激光焊接过程质量监测中的应用

激光焊接过程中出现等离子体、羽辉、声音、辐射光、电等信号，通过对这些信号进行研究并与焊接过程的稳定性及焊接缺陷进行关联，可以实现焊接质量的实时监测。对不同监测手段进行对比分析，复合传感器监测技术展现出监测信息丰富，焊接状态识别精确，焊接缺陷预测准确的优势。根据焊接过程质量监测系统复合的传感器种类，将复合传感技术分为多视觉传感器复合技术、多光学传感器复合技术、光学及视觉传感器复合技术、其他复合技术4类，综述了不同传感器复合技术的研究现状及特点，指出光学及视觉传感器复合技术对焊接状态变化敏感、采样速度快、采集信息丰富的优势。介绍了几种可以应用于激光焊接生产线的先进复合传感器监测产品，明晰了复合传感技术应用于激光焊接过程质量监测的问题及未来发展方向。创新点： (1)对不同复合传感技术的特点进行总结及对比分析。(2)对商用复合传感器监测产品的原理进行分析及应用实例介绍。

Application of multi-sensor fusion technology in quality monitoring of laser welding process

Plasma, plume, sound, radiated light, electricity and other signals will appear in the laser welding process. By studying these signals and correlating them with the stability of the welding process and welding defects, real-time quality monitoring of laser welding process can be achieved. Through the introduction of laser welding characteristics and the comparative analysis of monitoring methods, it was concluded that the multi-sensor fusion technology had the advantages of rich monitoring information and high accuracy in welding status and defect prediction. According to the types of sensors compounded by quality monitoring system of laser welding process，the multi-sensor fusion technology was divided into four categories， multi-vision sensor, multi-optical sensor, optical and vision sensor, and other composite technology. Different multi-sensor fusion technologies were reviewed, realizing the advantages of optical and vision sensor composite technology that were sensitive to changes in welding status, fast sampling speed, and rich collection of information. Meanwhile, several advanced multi-sensor fusion products which could be applied to laser beam welding were introduced. Finally, the disadvantages and the future development direction of multi-sensor fusion technology were clarified.Highlights: (1) Characteristics and comparative analysis of different multi-sensor fusion technology were carried out.(2) For commercial multi-sensor fusion technology products, its principle was analyzed and its application example was introduced.