抗冲蚀磨损涂层制备技术及机理的研究进展

在油气开采作业过程中，高压流动介质中固体颗粒对结构件的冲蚀磨损而引起综合表面性能下降，造成了基材损坏，严重影响了关键设备的使用寿命。冲蚀最先被破坏损伤的是材料表面，表面沉积涂层处理技术是改善特定应用中裸漏零部件特性的有效方法。提高表面涂层性能是设备抗冲蚀常用的手段，正越来越多地用于石油和天然气行业中。根据材料本身的物理特性，文中从塑性材料和脆性材料的分类评述了其各自冲蚀机理，综述了利用热喷涂技术、激光熔覆技术、电镀技术及气相沉积等技术制备抗冲蚀磨损涂层的研究现状和进展，介绍了这些技术在制备涂层过程和使用的主要仪器设备。提出了应用多种工艺技术交叉来制备抗冲蚀磨损涂层的方法和以后研究的重点。并对涂层抗冲蚀磨损领域未来的研究方向进行了展望，为固液或气固等多相流动介质的高压石油装备抗冲蚀设计提供参考。

Research progress on preparation technology and mechanism of erosion resistant coatings

Abstract: During oil and gas extraction operations, erosion of solid particles in high-pressure flow medium on structural parts leads to decline of comprehensive surface properties, which results in damage of substrate and seriously affects service life of key equipment. The material surface is the first to be damaged by erosion. Surface deposition coating treatment technology is an effective method to improve characteristics of bare and leaking parts in specific applications. Improving performance of surface coating is a common means of equipment erosion resistance, which is increasingly used in the oil and gas industry. According to physical characteristics of materials, erosion mechanisms from the classification of plastic materials and brittle materials were reviewed in the paper, research status and progress of preparing erosion resistant coatings by thermal spraying technology, laser cladding technology, electroplating technology and vapor deposition technology was summarized, and main instruments and equipment used in the process of preparing coatings were introduced. Methods of erosion resistant coatings prepared by a variety of process technologies and focus of future research were put forward. The future research direction in the field of erosion resistant coatings was prospected, which provided a reference for erosion resistance design of high-pressure petroleum equipment with multiphase flow media such as solid-liquid or gas-solid. Highlights: (1) Current situation of preparation of erosion resistant coatings was described based on study of erosion mechanism together with development of additive manufacturing technology. (2) Research direction of erosion mechanism of coatings rather than materials was put forward