医用多孔金属的制备及其生物活化研究进展

医用多孔金属材料，特别是多孔钛及钛合金能够提供与人体骨组织相匹配的力学性能，并促进骨组织长人以提高其与骨的固定度，在人体硬组织修复与替换方面具有广泛的应用前景。重点围绕多孔钛及钛合金的制备方法及适用于其复杂孔隙结构的表面生物活化方法，综述了各种方法在多孔钛及钛合金上的应用现状。目前适用于多孔钛及钛合金制备的技术主要有粉末冶金法、钛纤维烧结法、自蔓延高温合成法、选区电子束熔化技术和选区激光熔化技术，适用于多孔钛及钛合金表面生物活化的技术主要有溶胶凝胶法、仿生矿化法、电化学沉积法和微弧氧化法。多孔钛及钛合金的力学相容性和表面生物活性需要同时满足临床要求，才能进一步扩大其在医学领域的应用范围。

Research Progress on Preparation and Surface Activation of Porous Biomedical Metal Materials

Biomedical porous metal materials, especially the porous titanium and titanium alloys, can provide the mechanical properties similar to human bone and promote growth of bone tissue into pores of the materials to enhance the fixation between their implants and bone at early periods of implantation, exhibiting a great potential for the application of human hard tissue repair and replacement. This paper focuses on the preparation methods and research progress of porous titanium and titanium alloys and their surface bio-activation technologies which are suitable for the complex pore structure. Nowadays, the main methods suitable for preparing porous titanium and titanium alloys include powder metallurgy （PM） , titanimn fibers sintering, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis （SHS）, selective electron beam mehing （SEBM） and selective laser mehing （ SLM）. Surface bio-activation technologies suitable for porous titanium and titanium alloys, including sol-gel processing, bionic solution, electrochemical deposition, and micro-arc oxidation, are also reviewed. As biomedical materials, both mechanical compatibility and surface bioactivity of porous titanium and titanium alloys must be achieved to meet clinical criteria.