激光增材制造吸能结构研究进展

激光增材制造通常被称为激光3D打印,它是20世纪80年代发展起来的快速成型技术(Rapid Prototyping,RP),可以直接将复杂的3D Computer Aided Design (CAD)结构模型加工成实际物体。激光增材制造技术的出现为开发复杂几何图形提供了一个平台,并在原产品的设计空间内降低了产品的成本和生产时间。吸能材料和结构,主要依靠在碰撞中快速地吸收撞击能量,减少撞击物的撞击加速度,最大限度地降低被撞物的伤害。近年来,新型吸能结构材料和功能材料层出不穷,同时由于增材制造技术自身的低成本、生产周期短、可制造精密复杂结构的特性,两者得到了完美的结合。由于吸能结构在众多研究领域中得到广泛的关注,几乎所有的主要行业都在享受着吸能结构所带来的好处。因此,本文旨在对吸能结构的各种晶格形态、设计和增材制造技术进行全面综述。此外,本文还介绍了该结构的优越性能、应用和面临的挑战。

Additively manufactured energy-absorbing structures: A review

Additive manufacturing (AM), i.e. 3D printing technology, is a rapid prototyping method (RP) developed in the 1980s, by which some complex structures can be efficiently manufactured. It also provides a platform for the development of complex geometrics, and is instrumental in cost-savings and time-savings of the production. Energy-absorbing materials and structures are used to absorb energy in collisions and to minimize the damage of the impact target, and their geometries are becoming increasingly complicated in order to achieve higher performances. Therefore, novel energy absorbers usually need the AM technology to produce. Meanwhile, their developments have received extensive attention in many research fields, as nearly all major industries are enjoying the benefits of them. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of new energy absorbers characterized by cellular structures, which includes introductions of various lattice morphologies, design methods and the additive manufacturing technologies they used, supplemented by the summarization of advantages, challenges and the application prospect of the structure.