堇青石型废汽车尾气催化剂回收铂族金属研究进展

本文综述了铂族金属(PGMs)资源储备、消费供应及二次资源回收情况,重点阐述了堇青石型废汽车尾气催化剂回收铂族金属的工艺。湿法工艺主要包括有价成分直接溶解法和载体溶解富集铂族金属法,废汽车尾气催化剂的预处理是提高浸出效率的关键因素,湿法技术工艺灵活、成本低、效率高、普及广,但存在―三废‖较难处理的问题;火法工艺主要有氯化挥发法和金属捕集法,常用的金属捕集剂主要有铜、铅、铁和锍等,火法工艺流程短、环境友好、富集效率高、易规模化生产。本文总结了各种技术的优势和不足,基于现有工艺存在的问题,提出采用绿色金属铋低温熔炼捕集铂族金属新工艺,为废汽车尾气催化剂中铂族金属的高效富集提出了一个新的思路。

A Review on Recovery of Platinum Group Metals from Spent Automotive Catalysts Supported on Cordierite

The mineral resources of platinum group metals are predominately localized in South Africa and Russia, the resources of PGMs in China is quite scarce, but China is the world"s largest consumer of platinum group metals, mainly used in the field of catalyst manufacturing. Therefore, the efficient recovery of PGMs form secondary resources is a major strategy to solve the contradiction supply and demand of PGMs in China. In this review, the resource reserve, consumption and supply distribution and secondary resource recovery of PGMs were discussed in detail, and focuses on the recovery process of PGMs from spent automotive catalysts with cordierite-based honeycomb monolith morphology. Hydrometallurgical process mainly include direct dissolution of valuable components and supporter dissolved to enrichment PGMs, the pretreatment of spent automobile catalyst is the key factor to improve the leaching efficiency of PGMs, although some hydrometallurgical process have the benefits such as flexible production process, low cost, high PGMs recovery efficiency, and widely applied, but their disadvantages of hazardous waste must be carefully evaluated. Pyrometallurgical process include efficient chloride salt extraction of PGMs and metal capture enrichment PGMs, the collector include copper, lead, iron and matte, the technology has the advantages of simplified process, highly enrichment efficiency and easily scale production. The advantages and disadvantages of various process are summarized, based on the environmental pollution, high energy consumption and low recovery of PGMs, a new approach for recovery of platinum group metals in spent automotive catalysts by a cost-effective, low temperature, environment friendly and pollution-free capture technology via Bismuth was proposed , and a new direction for efficient enrichment of PGMs from spent automobile catalysts were provided.