激光增材制造难熔金属研究进展

难熔金属由于具有优异的综合性能而广泛应用于航空航天、装备制造、核工业及生物医疗等领域。但是由于高熔点及高韧脆转变温度的特点，尚存在加工制造困难、生产周期长、对设备要求高等问题，从而限制了其应用与发展。激光增材制造是近年来新兴的数字化制造技术之一，为制造和加工难熔金属提供了新的发展思路。本文重点介绍了近年来激光增材制造难熔金属的热点领域，包括钨及钨基重合金、纯钼及钼硅硼合金、铌硅及铌钛合金和多孔钽，对尚存在的问题进行了总结，最后对激光增材制造难熔金属未来的发展方向进行了展望。

Progress in laser additive manufacturing of refractory metals

Refractory metals are widely used in aerospace, equipment manufacturing, nuclear industry and biomedical fields due to their excellent comprehensive properties. However, due to the characteristics of high melting point and high ductile-brittle transition temperature, there are still some problems such as difficult manufacturing, long production cycle and high equipment requirements, which limit its application and development. Laser additive manufacturing (LMD) is one of the emerging digital manufacturing technologies in recent years, which provides a new development idea for manufacturing and processing refractory metals. In this paper, the hot fields of laser additive manufacturing for refractory metals in recent years were introduced, including tungsten and tungsten heavy alloys (WHAs), pure molybdenum and molybdenum-silicon-boron alloys (Mo-Si-B), niobium-silicon and niobium-titanium alloys and porous tantalum, and the existing problems were summarized. Finally, the future development direction of laser additive manufacturing for refractory metals was prospected.