铸造镍基高温合金增材修复技术的研究现状

铸造镍基高温合金广泛用于燃气轮机与航空发动机叶片等高温部件,长时间运行过程中经常发生叶片局部损伤失效,其维修或更换成本极高。通过增材修复来恢复局部损伤叶片的性能,将极大地降低制造成本、缩短制造周期、节约资源,具有极大的社会效益和市场价值。本文针对燃气轮机与航空发动机用铸造镍基高温合金部件的服役工况与失效形式,结合铸造镍基高温合金的成分、组织与性能特点,系统分析了增材修复时出现裂纹的类型、特点及形成机理,阐述了各类裂纹的主要影响因素,从增材工艺和材料两方面分类综述了减少或避免裂纹的增材修复工艺与技术现状,分析了不同增材修复方法的优缺点与未来可能的研究热点。

Research Status of Additive Repairing Technologies for Nickel-Based Cast Superalloy Blades

Cast nickel-based superalloys are widely used in high-temperature parts such as gas turbine and Aeroengine blades. During long-term operation, local damages of blades often occur, but the manufacturing cost is very high. If the local damage can be recovered by additive repairing, the cost and manufacturing cycle would be greatly reduced, and save resources, which has great social benefits and market value. In view of the service circumstances and failure modes of nickel-based cast superalloy blades for gas turbines and aeroengines, combined with the compositions, microstructures and performances of nickel-based cast superalloy, the types, characteristics and formation mechanism of cracks in the repair of additive are analyzed systematically, the primary influencing factors of various cracks are described, and the reduction or avoiding of cracks are summarized from the two aspects of additive technology and material. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of different methods and the possible research hotspots in the future are analyzed.