轻型陶瓷/金属复合装甲抗弹机理研究

为探讨轻型陶瓷复合装甲抗弹机理，采用弹道冲击试验研究了高速破片冲击下轻型陶瓷/金属复合装甲的冲击响应，对弹体、陶瓷面板及金属背板的破坏现象进行了物理描述和唯象分析，指出了陶瓷面板和金属背板的破坏模式，分析了陶瓷/金属复合装甲的弹道吸能机理及抗弹性能。结果表明，锥形碎裂是陶瓷面板的主要破坏模式，其宏观裂纹主要有：径向、环向及与初始表面法线方向约65°夹角向外扩展的锥形裂纹；此外还会形成与背表面法线间的夹角约为65°的倒锥形断裂面。背板的变形范围、破坏程度及破坏模式均与船用钢靶板有较大区别，当弹速低于靶板弹道极限时，背板变形模式为隆起-碟型变形，当弹速大于靶板弹道极限时，随着陶瓷面板相对厚度的增加，金属背板的破坏失效模式有：剪切冲塞失效、碟型变形-剪切-花瓣型失效、碟型变形-花瓣型失效；弹体动能主要耗散在弹体和背板的破坏与变形；弹道极限速度附近，弹体和金属背板破坏吸能量会由于陶瓷面板的相对厚度不同而不同，但他们的总吸能量可占弹体初始冲击动能的90%以上，而陶瓷面板碎裂及反冲击方向喷射的动能小于弹体初始冲击动能的10%。

Investigation on Bullet Proof Mechanism of Light Ceramic/Steel Composite Armor

In order to explore the bullet proof mechanism of ceramic/steel composite armor, the ballistic impact experiment was carried out to study the dynamic response of ceramic/steel composite armor subjected to the impact of high speed fragments. The damages of projectile, ceramic and steel back plate were described physically and analyzed phenomenologically. The damage modes of ceramic and steel back plate were determined. The energy transformation during the ballistic penetration and the bullet proof performance of the ceramic/ship steel composite armor were analyzed. The results show that the conical crash is a main damage mode of ceramic under the impact of high speed fragments. And the main macro cracks are radial, ring and conical cracks which extend outward at about 65° angle included between the conical crack and the initial surface normal. Besides there are the inverse conical cracks extended outward at angle of 65° to the back surface normal. The deformation range, destructiveness and damage mode of the back plate have great different from those of ship steel target. The deformation mode of the backing plate is bulging dishing when the impact velocity is below the ballistic limit. When the impact velocity exceeds the ballistic limit, the back plate has 3 damage modes, i.e. shearing damage, dishing-shearing-petaloid damage and dishing petaloid damage, as the relative thickness of ceramic increases. In the penetration process of light ceramic/metal composite armor, the kinetic energy of projectile is mainly dissipated in the deformation and damage of projectile and back plate. When the velocity of the penetrator is about ballistic limit, the energy dissipated in projectile and back plate damages varies with the relative thickness of ceramic. But the total energy dissipated in these facets occupies more than 90% of initial kinetic energy of the projectile, and the energy dissipated in the fragmentation of ceramic and the ejecting kinetic energy of ceramic fragments occupies less than 10% of its initial kinetic energy.