弹丸侵彻多层异质复合靶板中装甲钢变形细观和微观机理研究

为研究多层异质复合靶板中装甲钢排布位置，对其塑性变形微观机理及受力状态的影响规律，开展了不同结构方式复合靶板抗侵彻试验。基于金属材料学理论，对复合靶板中装甲钢弹孔塑性变形微观机理进行研究，分析了装甲钢弹坑表面硬度分布及组织演变规律，利用数值模拟研究弹丸侵彻装甲钢过程力学行为与变形机理的内在联系。研究结果表明：波阻抗匹配由高至低，弹丸冲击应力波在层间界面反射形成拉伸波，产生裂纹扩展，降低弹丸侵彻阻力；绝热剪切带内部受温度以及挤压载荷影响，产生高硬度细化马氏体晶粒，抑制塑性变形向内延伸；装甲钢背板强度及刚度越高，对装甲钢塑性变形产生位错运动的阻碍作用越强，有利于提高弹丸开坑阻力。

Research on Macroscopic and Microscopic Mechanisms of Deformation of Armor Steel in Multilayer Heterogeneous CompositeTarget Subjected to Projectile

The anti-penetration experiments of composite targets with different structures were carried out to study the influence of the arrangement of armored steel in multi-layer heterogeneous composite target on the microscopic mechanism and force state of plastic deformation. The microscopic mechanism of plastic deformation of bullet holes in armor steel is studied based on the theory of metal materials science. The surface hardness distribution and microstructure evolution of armored steel craters are analyzed. The internal relation between the mechanical behavior and deformation mechanism of projectile penetrating into the armored steel is studied through numerical simulation. The results show that the wave impedance matching is from high to low, the stress wave generated by projectile impact is reflected from the interface between the layers, resulting in the formation of a tensile wave and the crack propagation to reduce the projectile penetration resistance; the internal structure of adiabatic shear zone is affected by temperature and extrusion load, producing high-hardness martensite grains and hindering continued plastic deformation; and the higher the strength and stiffness of armored steel backplanes are, the more is the dislocation movement caused by plastic deformation of armor steel hindered, which is conducive to improve the penetration resistance of target plate.