富勒烯肼硝酸盐的制备及其热分解性能

以富勒烯、水合肼为原料合成富勒烯肼，富勒烯肼再与浓硝酸反应得到一种新型含能燃烧催化剂—富勒烯肼硝酸盐，并采用红外、紫外、元素分析及X射线光电子能谱等现代分析测试技术对产物结构进行了表征。采用差热分析（DTA）法和热重分析（TGA）法对富勒烯肼硝酸盐的热稳定性进行了研究，结果表明，在动态空气气氛下，其具有一定的热稳定性。采用DTA法，对加入富勒烯肼硝酸盐前后硝胺炸药黑索今（RDX）和奥克托今（HMX）的热分解行为进行了研究，结果表明，加入富勒烯肼硝酸盐后，RDX和HMX在不同升温速率（2.5 ℃/min、5 ℃/min、10 ℃/min和20 ℃/min） 条件下的放热峰值温度均降低，RDX分解活化能降低了约17 kJ/mol，HMX分解活化能降低值大于20 kJ/mol，由此表明富勒烯肼硝酸盐对RDX和HMX的热分解均有一定的催化作用。

The Preparation and Thermal Decomposition Performance of Fullerene Hydrazine Nitrate

A new potential energetic combustion catalyst, fullerene hydrazine nitrate, is prepared via a two-step process, in which fullerene hydrazine is prepared with fullerene and hydrazine hydrate, and then fullerene hydrazine reacts with concentrated nitric acid to form fullerene hydrazine nitrate. The chemical structures of products are characterized by FT-IR, UV-visible spectra, elemental analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The thermal stability of fullerene hydrazine nitrate is characterized by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). The results indicate that the product shows a certain thermal stability in dynamic air atmosphere. The thermal decomposition behaviours of RDX and HMX in the absence and presence of fullerene hydrazine nitrate are investigated by using DTA method. The research results show that fullerene hydrazine nitrate can accelerate obviously the decomposition of RDX and HMX. The peak temperatures of the exothermal decomposition are reduced at the different heating rates of 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 ℃/min. The corresponding activation energy of RDX is decreased by about 17 kJ/mol, and that of HMX is reduced by more than 20 kJ/mol.