附体对分层流中潜艇水动力特性的影响

为探讨密度分层流中附体对潜艇周围流场及阻力特性的影响，基于雷诺平均方程建立一种用于模拟密度分层流中水下潜体航行特征的计算流体力学模型。采用SUBOFF潜艇模型进行收敛性研究，并与实验结果进行对比验证数值模型的精确性；采用该模型模拟得到加装不同附体工况下的潜艇以不同航速航行时的水动力特性，并结合压力变化分析相关结果产生的原因。结果表明：附体对分层流中潜艇水动力特性的影响与航速高低有关；在弗劳德数为0.5附近，潜艇兴波阻力系数达到最高；附体带来的潜艇表面曲率突变会引起较大的压力变化；所建模型展示了潜艇的航行尾迹特征，并对密度分层流中水下潜体运动问题模拟方法的选取及潜艇附体的优化设计具有一定参考价值。

Effect of Appendages on Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Submarine in Stratified Fluid

The effect of appendages on the flow field and resistance characteristics around submarine in density stratified fluid is investigated. A Reynolds-averaged Naiver-Stokes-based CFD model was established for simulating the navigation of submarine in density stratified fluid. The convergence study was carried out with a SUBOFF submarine model, and the proposed numerical model was validated by comparing with experimental data. The hydrodynamic characteristics of submarine with different appendages navigating at various speeds were simulated, and the simulated results were analyzed combined with the changes of pressure. Results shows that the effect of appendages on hydrodynamic characteristics of submarines is related to navigational speed; the coefficients of wave-making resistance of submarine reach the highest around Fr (Froud number)=0.5. The sharp curvature around appendages on the surface of submarine causes sharp change of pressure. The proposed model shows the hydrodynamic characteristics of submarine navigation, and can be used for the selection of simulation method for navigation of submarine in density stratified fluid and the design optimization of submarine appendages.