梯度硝基发射药的设计原理与实现方法

为实现发射药能量释放高渐增性，根据枪炮内弹道学原理提出梯度硝基发射药(NGDP)的概念，并论证NGDP能量释放渐增性的基本原理。与传统钝感发射药相比，NGDP氧平衡较高，理论上具有低烟雾、低残渣特征。基于最小自由能算法，分析邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、樟脑和二硝基甲苯钝感的发射药与NGDP燃烧产物中可燃组分(CO、H₂)的含量，发现NGDP燃烧产物中可燃组分含量最低。阐述了NGDP的制备过程，通过扫描电子显微镜和X射线能谱仪以及激光共聚焦显微拉曼光谱仪表征NGDP的微观结构；进行密闭爆发器实验，证实了NGDP具有能量释放高渐增性。结果表明，NGDP是一种有别于现有制式发射药的新型发射药，有望消除或者减少传统表面钝感、包覆发射药存在的烟雾、火焰、残渣、储存稳定性等诸多问题。

Design Principle and Realizable Approach of Nitro Gradiently Distributed Propellant

The concept of nitro gradiently distributed propellant was proposed for the high energy release progressivity of gun propellant, and the basic principle of energy release progressivity of nitro gradiently distributed propellant was demonstrated based on the internal ballistics.The nitro gradiently distributed propellant has higher oxygen balance than traditional deterred propellants have, and has the characteristics of low smoke and low residue. Based on the minimum free energy algorithm, the combustible components content (CO, H₂) in the combusion product of nitro gradiently distributed propellant and deterred propellants (dibutyl phthalate, camphor and DNT) were calculated and compared. The results show that the content of combustible components of nitro gradiently distributed propellant was the lowest. The preparation process of nitro gradiently distributed propellant is described, the microstructure of nitro gradiently distributed propellant is characterized by SEM-EDS and Raman, the good energy release progressivity of nitro gradiently distributed propellants were confirmed by closed bomb test. The nitro gradiently distributed propellant is a new type of gun propellant, which is different from existing propellants. It is expected to eliminate or reduce the bad phenomena of traditional deterred and coated propellants, such as smoke, flame, residue, storage stability, etc.