纳米复合含能材料的几种液相制备方法

综述了四种液相制备纳米复合含能材料的方法:溶胶凝胶法、喷雾法、沉淀法和冷冻干燥法,并介绍了用CO2超临界溶液的快速膨胀(RESS)工艺和用CO2超临流体代替沉淀剂的压缩流体反抽提沉淀(PCA)工艺。溶胶凝胶法主要用于制备金属氧化物为基的纳米复合含能材料;喷雾干燥法和RESS工艺主要用于制备含能材料和纳米金属颗粒组成的复合物;沉淀法适用于氧化剂/金属燃料和炸药/金属燃料两种纳米复合物的制备,PCA工艺主要用于后一种纳米复合物的制备;冷冻干燥法主要用于制备无机氧化剂和纳米金属颗粒组成的复合物;举例说明了Fe2O3/Al纳米复合物、NH4ClO4/Al纳米复合物的制备以及纳米复合含能材料的应用。

Review on Methods of Preparing Nanocomposites Energetic Materials in Liquid Phase

Several methods of preparing nanocomposites energetic materials in liquid phase by using sol-gel chemistry,spray route,precipitation and freeze-drying are reviewed. Metal-oxide-based nanocomposites energetic materials are prepared mainly by sol-gel,and the preparation of Fe_2O_3/Al nanocomposites is illustrated. Spray route including spray drying and Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solution (RESS) instead of solvent with CO_2 supercritical fluids are introduced,mainly by which nanocomposites with energetic materials and nanostructured metal particles are prepared. Precipitation and Compressed Fluid Antisolvent (PCA) instead of precipitation reagent with CO_2 supercritical fluids are also given. Composites with inorganic oxidizer and nanostructured metal particles are prepared by freeze-drying,and NH_4ClO_4/Al nanocomposites is illustrated.