喷雾干燥法制备亚微米鞣酸铁/硝胺炸药复合微球及其催化性能

为了研究鞣酸铁催化剂对固体推进剂中常见组分热分解性能的影响,采用超声喷雾干燥法制得三种亚微米复合微球(鞣酸铁(Ta-Fe)/六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL-20)、鞣酸铁/黑索今(RDX)、鞣酸铁/奥克托今(HMX))。利用扫描电镜(SEM)和粒度分析等方法分别对复合微球的形貌、粒度和组分进行表征。采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究复合微球中鞣酸铁对CL-20、RDX、HMX热分解的催化过程及动力学参数的影响。结果表明,鞣酸铁分布均匀,样品均呈球状颗粒,且流散性好,粒度为500~1000 nm;鞣酸铁能有效促进CL-20、RDX、HMX的热分解,使得CL-20、RDX、HMX的热分解峰温分别提前了17.2,8.2,11.5℃,其中鞣酸铁对CL-20的热分解催化效果最佳,Ta-Fe/CL-20复合微球的活化能与原料CL-20相比降低了9.6 kJ·mol……-1。

Preparation and Catalytic Properties of Submicron Iron Tannate /Nitramine Explosive Composite Microspheres from Spray Drying Process

In order to study the effect of iron tannate catalyst on thermal decomposition properties of common components in solid propellants,three submicron composite microspheres,tannic acid and iron(Ta-Fe)/hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane(CL-20),Ta-Fe/cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine(RDX)and Ta-Fe/cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine(HMX),were prepared by ultrasonic spray drying. The morphology,particle size and composition of these composites were characterized by SEM and granulometer analyser. The effect of Ta-Fe on the thermal decomposition catalytic properties and kinetic parameters of CL-20,RDX and HMX were studied by differential scanning caloriometry(DSC). Results show that Ta-Fe distributes evenly with spherical particles and good dispersibility,and the particle size distribution range is 500-1000 nm. Ta-Fe effectively promotes the thermal decomposition of CL-20,RDX and HMX,whose peak thermal decomposition temperatures decrease by 17.2,8.2 ℃ and 11.5 ℃,respectively. Especially,Ta-Fe/CL-20 has the best catalytic effect,whose activation energy is 9.6 kJ·mol^-1 lower than raw CL-20.