硝酸钡系白光剂的热危险性研究

为揭示烟火剂对热的危险性,用绝热量热仪(accelerating rate calorimeter,ARC)研究了干燥和潮湿硝酸钡系白光剂的绝热反应过程。得到了绝热反应温度随时间和温升速率随温度的变化曲线,用伪逆矩阵法计算了干燥和潮湿烟火剂放热反应的活化能和指前因子,用热惰性因子修正了测定数据。结果表明,对干燥烟火剂,放热反应的初始温度、最终温度、初始自加热速率、最大自加热速率、最大自加热速率温度和达到最大速率所需时间分别为567.75 K、740.48 K、0.17 K.min-1、61.56 K·min-1、707.5 K和145.93 min。对潮湿烟火剂,其值分别为363.59 K、1128.8 K、0.07 K·min-1、0.77 K.min-1、799.47 K和1480.86 min。这表明,潮湿烟火剂易反应,干燥烟火剂的反应速率高于潮湿烟火剂。

Thermal Hazard Analysis of White-light Firework mainly Composed of Barium Nitrate

In order to explore the thermal hazard of fireworks,the adiabatic reaction processes of dry and wet white-light fireworks mainly composed of barium nitrate were studied by an accelerating rate calorimeter (ARC). The curves of change in adiabatic reaction temperature with time and in temperature rise rate with temperature were obtained. The pseudo-inverse matrix method was used to calculate the apparent activation energy and pre-exponential factor for the exothermic reaction of two fireworks and the measured data were modified by thermal inertia factor of ARC. The results show that the initial temperature,final temperature,initial self-heating rate,maximum self-heating rate,maximum self-heating rate temperature and time to maximum rate of the exothermic reaction are 567.75 K,740.48 K,0.17 K·min^-1,61.56 K·min^-1,707.5 K,145.93 min for dry fireworks and 363.59 K,1128.8 K,0.07 K·min^-1,0.77 K·min^-1,799.47 K,and 1480.86 min for wet fireworks,respectively,indicating that wet fireworks are easier to reaction,and the reaction rate of dry fireworks is faster than that of wet fireworks.