笼状骨架含能化合物构建研究进展

笼状结构因其高对称性、高环张力和致密的堆积密度成为理想的含能化合物骨架,是含能材料研究领域的热点。综述了以单质型含能化合物和金属络合物型含能化合物分类的已报道的笼状骨架含能化合物。其中,笼状骨架的单质含能化合物重点归纳了立方烷、伍兹烷、金刚烷等体系,典型化合物八硝基立方烷和六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷已成为能量水平最高的单质含能化合物;笼状骨架的金属络合物型含能化合物重点介绍具有三维网络笼状空间的结构,该类化合物通过紧凑的排列方式形成了致密的网络结构,利用包裹方式将其它组分融入笼状结构中。指出,笼状骨架的单质含能化合物进一步的研究方向应以解决制备路线过长,成本过高的问题,为应用研究提供基础;笼状骨架的金属络合物型含能化合物研究处于起步阶段,种类较少是主要问题,但该类化合物普遍制备简易,成本较低且能量水平较高,应作为笼状骨架含能化合物下一步发展的重点方向。

Progress in the Construction of Cage-like Skeleton Energetic Compounds

Cage-like structure has become an ideal skeleton of energetic compounds due to its high symmetry, high ring tension and dense bulk density, which is a hot spot in the research field of energetic materials. In this paper, the reported cage-like skeleton energetic compounds were reviewed by classifying elementary energetic compounds and metal complex-type energetic compounds. Among them, the elementary energetic compounds of cage-like skeleton are mainly summarized as cubane-like, wurtzitane-like, adamantine-like structures and other systems, typical compounds as octanitrocycloalkane and hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane have become the elementary energetic compound with the highest energy level. Metal complex type energetic compounds with cage-like skeletons focus on structures with three-dimensional network cage-like spaces. These compounds form dense network structures by compact arrangement way, and the other components are incorporated into the cage-like structure by wrapping way. It is pointed out that the further research direction of elementary energetic compounds with cage-like skeleton should focus on solving the problems of long preparation routes and high cost, providing a basis for application research. The research on the metal complex-type energetic compounds with cage-like skeletons is still in the initial stage and the limited species have become the major problem, but these compounds are generally simple to prepare, low in cost and higher in energy level, which should be the key direction for the future development of cage-like skeleton energetic compounds.