硝基吡唑及其衍生物的合成、性能及应用研究进展

硝基吡唑及其衍生物具有高生成热,良好的热稳定性和爆轰性能,在含能材料领域具有广阔的应用前景。从硝基吡唑及其衍生物的合成、性能及应用等角度对其近年来的研究进展进行了简要综述,梳理了硝基吡唑及其衍生物合成研究的发展方向和趋势,指出了今后研究的重点方向:认为必须探索、寻找新的合成路线并优化其工艺条件,缩短反应步骤、提高反应效率,实现硝基吡唑化合物高品质化、规模化、稳定化制备,进一步探索绿色环保、可循环使用的高效重排试剂、萃取剂及重结晶介质,加强1?甲基?3,4,5?三硝基吡唑(MTNP)与3,4?二硝基吡唑(3,4?DNP)的基础性能综合研究,开展其熔融?凝固后的体积收缩特性及安全性能研究,综合评估其在熔铸炸药中的应用可行性,拓展其在高能钝感炸药中的应用。

Research Progress in Synthesis, Properties and Applications of Nitropyrazoles and Their Derivatives

Nitropyrazole and its derivatives have high heat of formation, good thermal stability and detonation performances, which have broad application prospects in the field of energetic materials. Their research progress in recent years is briefly reviewed from the aspects of synthesis, properties and applications of nitropyrazole and its derivatives, and the development direction and trend of the research on the synthesis of nitropyrazole and its derivatives are combed. Several important directions in the future research are pointed out:considering that ones have need to explore and find new synthetic routes and optimize their technological conditions, shorten reaction steps, improve reaction efficiency, and realize high-quality, large-scale and stabilization preparation of nitropyrazole compounds, and to further explore the green environmental protection and recyclable high-efficiency rearrangement reagents, extraction agents and recrystallization media, strengthen the comprehensive research on the basic properties of MTNP and 3, 4-DNP, carry out the research on their volume shrinkage characteristics and safety properties after melting and solidification, comprehensively evaluate the feasibility of their application in fused cast explosives, and further expand their application research in high energy insensitive explosives.