基于聚多巴胺的仿生界面设计在含能材料中的应用研究进展

界面结构对含能材料的力学性能、安全性能、热稳定性均具有重要的影响。聚多巴胺(PDA)是一种能使绝大多数基体功能化的表面化学材料,具有制备简单易控,反应温和,操作安全,可再进一步功能化等优点。近年来,仿生PDA包覆广泛应用于含能材料领域并取得良好进展。本文就PDA基仿生可控界面对含能材料结构和性能影响进行了综述。从PDA粘结机理出发,介绍了PDA对含能材料和功能填料进行表面功能化的方法,重点阐述了PDA表面改性对炸药的安全性能、热稳定性、力学性能和导热性能的影响规律。总结了PDA在含能材料结构设计和性能调控中的独特优势,指明目前存在的问题,建议进一步探明PDA与含能材料、粘结剂间作用机理,设计规整可控的界面结构,引入功能性高分子,并拓展含能材料用表面功能化材料种类。

Research Progress of Bioinspired Interface Design in Energetic Materials Based on Polydopamine

The interface structure has an important influence on the mechanical properties, safety properties, and thermal stability of energetic materials. Polydopamine (PDA) is a surface chemistry that can functionalize surfaces of most materials. PDA has the advantages of simple preparation, easy control, mild reaction, safe operation and further functionalization. In recent years, bioinspired PDA has been wildly applied in energetic materials. In this paper, the influences of the bioinspired controllable interface constructed by PDA on the structure and properties of energetic materials are reviewed. Firstly, the bonding mechanism of PDA is introduced. Secondly, the surface functionalization method of PDA for energetic materials and functional fillers are summarized. Thirdly, the influences of surface modification with PDA on the safety, thermal stability, mechanical properties, and thermal conductivity of explosives are mainly described. Then, the unique advantages of PDA in the structural design and performance control of energetic materials and the existing problems are pointed out.At last, four key research directions are stated: further exploration of the mechanism of interfacial interaction between PDA and energetic materials or binders, design of regular and controllable interface structure, introduction of functional polymers, as well as expansion of surface functional materials for energetic materials.