Guidelines and recommendations for indoor use of fuel cells and hydrogen systems |
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Authors: | Béatrice Fuster Deborah Houssin-Agbomson Simon Jallais Elena Vyazmina Guy Dang-Nhu Gilles Bernard-Michel Mike Kuznetsov Vladimir Molkov Boris Chernyavskiy Volodymyr Shentsov Dmitry Makarov Randy Dey Philip Hooker Daniele Baraldi Evelyn Weidner Daniele Melideo Valerio Palmisano Alexandros Venetsanos Jan Der Kinderen |
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Affiliation: | 1. Air Liquide R&D, Paris-Saclay Research Center, BP 126, 78354, Jouy en Josas, France;2. CEA, Centre de Saclay, 91191, Gif sur Yvette, France;3. KIT, Herman-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany;4. University of Ulster, HySAFER Centre, Newtownabbey, BT37 0QB, United Kingdom;5. CCS, 11 Church Road, Great Bookham, Surrey, KT23 3PB, United Kingdom;6. HSL, Harpur Hill, SK17 9JN, Buxton, United Kingdom;g. JRC, Westerduingweg 3, POB2, 1755 ZG, Petten, The Netherlands;h. NCSRD, Patriarchou Gregoriou Str., 15310, Aghia Paraskevi, Greece;i. HFCS, Westervoortsedijk 73, 6802 EG, Arnhem, The Netherlands |
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Abstract: | Hydrogen energy applications often require that systems are used indoors (e.g., industrial trucks for materials handling in a warehouse facility, fuel cells located in a room, or hydrogen stored and distributed from a gas cabinet). It may also be necessary or desirable to locate some hydrogen system components/equipment inside indoor or outdoor enclosures for security or safety reasons, to isolate them from the end-user and the public, or from weather conditions.Using of hydrogen in confined environments requires detailed assessments of hazards and associated risks, including potential risk prevention and mitigation features. The release of hydrogen can potentially lead to the accumulation of hydrogen and the formation of a flammable hydrogen-air mixture, or can result in jet-fires. Within Hyindoor European Project, carried out for the EU Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking safety design guidelines and engineering tools have been developed to prevent and mitigate hazardous consequences of hydrogen release in confined environments. Three main areas are considered: Hydrogen release conditions and accumulation, vented deflagrations, jet fires and including under-ventilated flame regimes (e.g., extinguishment or oscillating flames and steady burns). Potential RCS recommendations are also identified. |
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Keywords: | Hydrogen Indoor use Risk mitigation RCS |
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