Impact of different weather years on the design of hydrogen supply pathways for transport needs |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Energy and Climate Research - Electrochemical Process Engineering (IEK-3) Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, 52425, Juelich, Germany;2. RWTH Aachen University, Chair for Fuel Cells, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Kackertstraße 9, D-52072 Aachen, Germany;1. Department of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran;2. Institute on Membrane Technology of the Italian National Research Council (ITM-CNR), Via P. Bucci Cubo 17/C C/o, University of Calabria, Rende (CS) 87036, Italy;1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Oil and Gas Distribution Technology, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Fuxue Road No. 18, Changping District, Beijing 102249, China;2. School of Business, Society & Engineering, Mälardalen University, Västerås 72123, Sweden;3. Center for Spatial Information Science, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8563, Japan;1. Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom;2. Imperial College Business School, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom;1. Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Techno-economic Systems Analysis (IEK-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., D-52428, Germany;2. Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Electrochemical Process Engineering (IEK-14), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., D-52428, Germany;3. Chair for Fuel Cells, RWTH Aachen University, c/o Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Techno-economic Systems Analysis (IEK-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., D-52428, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Renewable energy sources (RES) will play a crucial role in future sustainable energy systems. In scenarios analyzing future energy system designs, a detailed spatial and temporal representation of renewable-based electricity generation is essential. For this, sufficiently representative weather data are required. Most analyses performed in this context use the historical data of either one specific reference year or an aggregation of multiple years. In contrast, this study analyzes the impact of different weather years based on historical weather data from 1980 through 2016 in accordance with the design of an exemplary future energy system. This exemplary energy system consists of on- and offshore wind energy for power-to-hydrogen via electrolysis, including hydrogen pipeline transport for most southwestern European countries. The assumed hydrogen demand for transportation needs represents a hypothetical future market penetration for fuel cell-electric vehicles of 75%. An optimization framework is used in order to evaluate the resulting system design with the objective function of minimizing the total annual cost (TAC) of the system. For each historical weather year, the applied optimization model determines the required capacities and operation of wind power plants, electrolyzers, storage technologies and hydrogen pipelines to meet the assumed future hydrogen demand in a highly spatially- and temporally-detailed manner, as well as the TAC of the system. Following that, the results of every individual year are compared in terms of installed capacities, overall electricity generation and connection to the transmission network, as well as the cost of these components within each region. The results reveal how sensitive the final design of the exemplary system is to the choice of the weather year. For example, the TAC of the system changes by up to 20% across two consecutive weather years. Furthermore, significant variation in the optimization results regarding installed capacities per region with respect to the choice of weather years can be observed. |
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| Keywords: | Variable renewable energy Wind energy Weather years Optimization Power-to-hydrogen |
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