基于小型蒸渗仪试验的潜在蒸散发估算方法评价

为了更直接地揭示潜在蒸散发估算方法与实际潜在蒸散发的差异,基于淮北平原五道沟水文水资源实验站2014年8月1日至2015年8月31日的水文气象观测资料,计算Penman系列方法、P-T法、H-S法、FAO24Radiation法及Turc法7种蒸散发估算方法的估算结果,对比相应时间蒸渗仪试验实测潜在蒸散量,评价各模型在该地区的适用性。结果表明,Penman系列估算方法是估算五道沟地区潜在蒸散发最佳的方法,但7种方法均存在较大误差。FAO56P-M方法估算结果与实测值有相对最好的线性关系,但存在10%的低估倾向,同时夏季(6～8月)绝对误差较春秋季有所增加。Turc法及P-T法更适用于缺资料地区长周期潜在蒸散发估算,H-S法及FAO24Radiation法相对不适用于五道沟地区。

Evaluation of Potential Evapotranspiration Estimation Method Based on Small Lysimeter Experiments

Based on a lysimeter evapotranspiration experiment in Wudaogou hydrology and water resources experimental station, the observation potential evapotranspiration (ET0) from August 1, 2014 to August 31,2015 was used to evaluate 7 ET0 calculation methods. These methods includes three kind of Penman methods (1948 Penman, FAO24 Penman, FAO56 Penman Montieth), Priestley Taylor, Hargreaves Samani, FAO24 Radiation and Turc. The results indicate that Penman series methods performed best while there are big errors in all of the 7 estimation results. There is an optimal linear relationship between the observed potential evapotranspiration and the result estimated by FAO56 P M method with 10% undervaluation. Meanwhile, FAO56 P M method is more sensitive to meteorological condition in summer and winter. Turc method and P T method are effective for long term estimating with air temperature and radiation only. H S method and FAO24 Radiation method are not suitable for Wudaogou area.