大型高落差水闸水力特性模型试验研究

为了准确研究和确认大型高落差水闸的泄流能力和水跃等水力特性,以辽宁省开原市清河闸为例,制作了高落差水闸的水工模型并进行了试验,比较了高落差水闸的上、下游水位流量关系的理论和试验结果,观测了水闸消力池内水跃发生位置及跃前水深、跃后水深、水跃长度等。结果表明,水闸泄流能力模型试验结果与理论计算结果吻合较好,泄流能力能够满足设计要求;各特征流量下,水跃长度、跃后水深与设计值基本相符,消能效率达30%,消能后弗劳德数降为0.32,说明跌坎式消能工的消能效果较好。

Study on Model Test of Hydraulic Characteristics of Large Sluice with High Drop

In order to study and confirm the hydraulic characteristics such as the discharge capacity and the hydraulic jump of the large sluice with high drop, a hydraulic model was created and the test was conducted based on the Qinghe sluice located at Kaiyuan City of Liaoning Province. In this study, the theoretical and the experimental results of the relationships between the water level and the flow rate at up and down-stream of the sluice with high drop were compared. And the water depths before and after and the length of the water jump in stilling basin were observed. It shows that the theoretical results tallies with the experiment well and the discharge capacity of the sluice can meet the requirement of the design scheme. Meanwhile, in each case of the flow rate of the sluice, the length of the water jump, the water depth after the water jump basically are consistent with the design values. The dissipation efficiency can reach 30%, and the Froude number after the dissipation decreases to 0.32. In all, it can be obtained that the effect of the falling-sill bottom-flow dissipation is appropriate for the high drop sluice.