我国能源利用现状与对策

我国能源工业面临着以下挑战:①应对气候变化和节能减排的形势;②相当长时期内以煤为主的能源结构和石油的不可替代性;③化石能源供应短缺和原油劣质化趋势日趋严重。根据我国能源工业面对的严峻形势,提出了能源利用对策。首先要加快发展可再生能源、新能源。其次要研究我国炼油石化工业发展技术路线,充分利用好宝贵的油气资源。炼化一体化要实行紧密一体化,以提高资源利用率,实现生产更大的灵活性,适应市场油品和石化产品变化的需求。选择合适的渣油加工路线,提高原油加工深度,将有限的石油资源转化为轻质油品,要开发更有效的渣油深度转化工艺,进一步完善劣质渣油加工的组合工艺。石油炼厂开发石油替代能源生产技术路线应利用现有石油加工设备和传统的炼油工艺加工替代能源产品,并使所得产品与炼厂传统的烃类燃料相容。再次要重点研究开发煤的清洁利用技术路线。作为其战略方向,应发展以煤气化为核心的多联产系统。建议抓紧开发CO2零排放的煤气化制甲醇新工艺与风电的集成系统,并加快煤基醇醚燃料的推广应用和尽快实现甲醇制烯烃和乙二醇的工业化生产,加快甲醇应用领域的发展。为迎接"甲醇经济"时代,建议在发展煤制甲醇的同时开发多种原料的甲醇生产路线,主要有天然气不经过合成气途径制甲醇和CO2制甲醇等。

Energy Utilization in China and Countermeasures

The Chinese energy industry is facing three energy conservation and emission reduction; （1）coal will petroleum is hard to replace in a fairly long period of the quality of crude oil produced is increasingly poor.In this article proposes some energy utilization major challenges：（2）dealing with climate change and continue to dominate the country＇s energy mix and time;（3）fossil energy supply is increasingly tight and the context of the stern energy situation in China, .According to the article ,China should first quicken its pace of developing renewable and new energy sources and then work out the technical development route for the Chinese refining and petrochemical industry to make full use of precious oil and gas resources. The refining and chemical sectors should be closely integrated to maximize the utilization rate of resources and to increase the flexibility of production to meet the changing demand for oil products and petrochemical products on the market.Appropriate residual oil processing route should be determined to increase the depth of processing of crude oil and to convert limited amount of oil resources to lighter oil products.More effective residual oil deep-converting technology should be developed to perfect the combination of technologies for processing poor-quality residual oil.The development of petroleum alternative production technologies should be based on existing petroleum processing facilities and traditional refining processes and products produced should be compatible with traditional refinery hydrocarbon fuels.Efforts should be made to research and develop clean coal utilization technology.Co-production based on coal gasification should be the strategic direction of these efforts.The article suggests accelerating the development of systems integrating new CO2 emission-free coal gasification methanol production technologies and wind power technologies and the spread of use of coal-derived alcohol ether fuels.In addition,efforts should be made to accelerate the process towards commercial production of olefin and glycol using methanol as feedstock as well as the development of methanol application areas.To embrace a methanol economy future,the article suggests developing methanol production routes based on diversified feedstock while developing coal-to-methanol technology,such as the technologies for producing methanol directly using natural gas （eliminating the syngas process） and using CO2.